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อักษร
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รูปท้าย-กลาง-ต้น
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การออกเสียงแบบจีน
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พินอิน
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การออกเสียงแบบอาหรับ
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การออกเสียงแบบเปอร์เซีย
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ตัวอย่าง
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หมายเหตุ
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| 1
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[ɑ], [a]
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a, a-, -a, -a-
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[ʔ], [aː], [æː]
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[ʔ], [ɔ], [æ]
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اَ(阿ā)
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vowel sound
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| 2
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[p]|[b]-
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b-
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[b]
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[b]
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بَا(爸bà)
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| 3
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[pʰ]-
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p-
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none
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[p]
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پُ(婆pó)
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borrowed from Persian
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| 4
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[tʰ]-
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t-
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[t]
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[t]
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تَا(塔tǎ)
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| 5
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[tɕʰ]-, [ɕ]-
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q-, x-
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[θ]
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[s]
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ثِئ(些xiē)
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sound change occurs when representing Chinese
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| 6
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[tɕʰ]-
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q-
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none
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none
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ٿْو(穷qióng)
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| 7
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[tʂ]-
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zh-
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[dʒ]
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[dʒ]
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جـْ(这zhè)
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sound change occurs when representing Chinese
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| 8
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[tʂʰ]-
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ch-
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none
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[tʃ]
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چـْ(车chē)
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borrowed from Persian
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| 9
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[x]-
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h-
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[ħ]
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[h]
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حـْ(河hé)
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used before syllable with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -e, -ei, -en, -eng
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| 10
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[x]-
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h-
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[x]
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[x]
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خـُ(湖hú)
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used before syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -u, -ua, -uai, -uan, -uang, -ui, -un, -uo
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| 11
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[t]|[d]-, [tɕ]-
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d-, j-
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[d]
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[d]
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دٍْ(钉dīng)
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also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initial j-
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| 12
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[ts]-
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z-
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[ð]
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[z]
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ذَىْ(在zài)
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| 13
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-[ɻ]
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-r
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[r]
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[r]
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لِر(粒儿lìr)
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represents the rhotic final -r sound
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| 14
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none
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none
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[z]
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[z]
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زَكَاة(zakat)
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only used with Arabic loans
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| 15
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[ʐ]|[ɻ]-
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r-
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none
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[ʒ]
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ژْ(热rè)
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borrowed from Persian
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| 16
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[s]-, [ɕ]-
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s-, x-
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[s]
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[s]
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سٍ(信xìn)
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also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials s- and sh-
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| 17
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[s]-
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s-
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none
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none
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 (思sī)
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only used for entering tone or formerly entering tone syllables
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| 18
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[ʂ]-, [ɕ]-
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sh-, x-
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[ʃ]
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[ʃ]
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شِ(是shì)
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also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initial x-
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| 19
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[s]-
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s-
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[sˤ]|[sˠ]
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[s]
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صْ(色sè)
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| 20
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ไม่มี
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ไม่มี
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[dˤ]|[ðˠ]
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[z]
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الْضَّاد(letter ḍād)
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only used with Arabic loans
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| 21
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[tsʰ]-
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c-
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none
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none
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ڞْ(册cè)
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| 22
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[ts]-
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z-
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[tˤ]|[tˠ]
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[t]
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طٌ(遵zūn)
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sound change occurs when representing Chinese
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| 23
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[ts]-
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z-
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[ðˤ]|[ðˠ]
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[z]
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ظْ(作zuò)
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sound change occurs when representing Chinese
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| 24
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[ə]
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e, e-, -e, -e-
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[ʕ]
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[ʔ]
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عـَ(恶è)
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เป็นสระในภาษาจีน แต่เป็นพยัญชนะในคำยืมจากภาษาอาหรับและเปอร์เซีย
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| 25
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none
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none
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[ɣ]|[ʁ]
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[ɣ], [q], [ɢ], [x]
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غَبْن(criminal fraud)
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only used with Arabic loans
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| 26
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[f]-
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f-
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[f]
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[f]
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فِ(废fèi)
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| 27
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[k]|[ɡ]-
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g-
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[q]
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[q], [ɢ]
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قَ(个ge)
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sound change occurs when representing Chinese
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| 28
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none
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none
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[k]
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none
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كَلِمَة(proverb)
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ใช้ในคำยืมภาษาอาหรับเท่านั้น
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| 28
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[kʰ]-
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k-
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none
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[k]
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کْ(可kě)
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ยืมจากเปอร์เซีย
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| 29
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none
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none
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none
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[ɡ]
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گنج(treasure)
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ยืมจากเปอร์เซียและใช้กับคำยืมเท่านั้น
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| 30
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[ŋ]-, [ɲ]-
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ng-, gn-
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none
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none
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ݣْا(仰ngǎng)
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relatively rare, used to represent either the [ŋ]- initial of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia or the [ɲ]- initial of Gansu and Qinghai
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| 31
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[l]-
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l-
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[l]|[lˤ]
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[l]
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لِ(里lǐ)
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| 32
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[m]|[n]-
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m-, n-
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[m]
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[m]
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مِ(秘mì)
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| 33
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[n]-
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n-
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[n]
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[n]
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نِ(你nǐ)
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| 34
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[x]-
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h-
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[h]
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[h], [ɛ], [æ]
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هَا(哈hā)
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mostly used with Arabic loans, used before syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -a, -ai, -an, -ang, -ao
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| 35
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[u], [ʊ]
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wu, u-, -u, -u-
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[w], [uː]
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[v], [u], [o], [ow]
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ءُ(无wú)
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เสียงสระ
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| 36
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ไม่มี
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ไม่มี
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[j], [iː]
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ไม่มี
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يَوْم(Judgement Day)
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ใช้กับคำยืมจากภาษาอาหรับและเสียงสระ
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| 36
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[i], [ɪ]
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yi, i-, -i, -i-
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ไม่มี
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[j], [i], [e]
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يَا(呀ya)
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ยืมจากเปอร์เซียและเสียงสระ
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