ผู้ใช้:Xiengyod/กระบะทราย 2

จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี

บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวินา[แก้]

This is a list of flags which have been, or are still today, used in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

For more information on these flags see article: Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1998 - Flag of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina A blue field with a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top edge of the flag.
1991 - 1998 Flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina A white field with the Bosnian Fleur-de-lis in the centre.

Entity flags of Bosnia and Herzegovina[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1995 - 2007; Flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina A vertical tricolour of red (for the Bosnian Croats) , white, and green (for the Bosniaks) , with a coat of arms on the wide central band on which the green arms and golden fleur-de-lys represents the Bosniaks, and the checked shield the Bosnian Croats.
1995 - Flag of Republika Srpska A horizontal tricolour of red, blue, and white.
  • Note: the flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina will have to be changed by September 2006 (Ruling by Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina) in order to alleviate nationalistic symbols The same applies for the coat of arms (of both entities).

ธงเขตการปกครอง[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1995 - Flag of Una-Sana Canton
1995 - Flag of Posavina Canton
1995 - Flag of Tuzla Canton
1995 - Flag of Zenica-Doboj Canton
1995 - Flag of Bosnian Podrinje Canton
1995 - Flag of Central Bosnia Canton
1995 - Flag of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
1995 - Flag of West Herzegovina Canton
1995 - Flag of Sarajevo Canton
1995 - Flag of Canton 10
  • Note: The Flag of the West Herzegovina Canton and of Livno Canton are the same. [1]

ธงประจำเมือง[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1995 - ... Tuzla city flag, Bosnia and Herzegovina This is flag of the Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina .

ธงราชการทหาร[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1993 - 1995 Flag of Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina This flag of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted in 1993.

Western Herzegovina 1760 flag[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1760s Flag of Western Herzegovina used by Bosniak landlords in border parts in southern and western Herzegovina. The flag was most commonly used in wars. It also accompanied Bosnian troops during the second siege of Hotin (Bukowina). A green field with a white crescent and star pointing toward the hoist.

Bosnian Revolt of 1830s Flag[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1831 Flag of the Bosnian Revolt by Husein Gradaščević in the 1830s to get autonomy from the Ottoman Empire. A green field with a yellow crescent and star pointing away from the hoist.

Independent Bosnia 1878[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1878 Flag of Bosnia. In 1878 Bosnia existed briefly as an independent nation.[ต้องการอ้างอิง] Very similar to the flag used by Husein Gradaščević's revolt of 1830: a green field with a yellow crescent and star facing away from the hoist, but with a more curved crescent, like a typical Islamic crescent moon symbol.

Austro-Hungarian Rule[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1878 - 1908 Flag of the Province of Bosnia A red and yellow horizontal bicolour with a shield. The Province of Herzegovina used a similar flag but with the colors reversed (a yellow and red bicolour).
1908 Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina after Austro-Hungarian annexation. A red and yellow horizontal bicolour.

Former Yugoslavia Period[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1945 - 1991 Flag of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Very similar to Yugoslavia's old flag. A red field (symbolizing the socialism and communism in Yugoslavia at the time) with the Yugoslav flag in the canton.

Alternative Flag Variations (change of flag)[แก้]

First Set of Proposals[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First alternative in the first set of proposals. Similar to the flag of the Czech Republic. A green and red horizontal bicolour with a blue triangle in the hoist.
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Second alternative in the first set of proposals. Similar to the flag of the United Nations. A light blue field with a branch of wheat.
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Third alternative in the first set of proposals. A blue field with an outline of the map of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Second Set of Proposals[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First alternative in the second set of proposals. A red, white, and blue diagonal tricolour with a silhouette map of Bosnia and Herzegovina within a circle of 10 gold 5-pointed stars.
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Second alternative in the second set of proposals. A red, white, and blue diagonal tricolour with a silhouette map of Bosnia and Herzegovina within a circle of 12 gold 5-pointed stars.

Third Set of Proposals[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
Proposed, used briefly in 1998 Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First alternative in the third set of proposals (the Westendorp proposals). Identical to the national flag that was adopted, but with a field of light blue that the flag of the United Nations uses.
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First alternative in the third set of proposals (the Westendorp proposals). A field of light blue that the flag of the United Nations uses with three gold and two white stripes, interleaved so as to form a rectangle in the centre.
Proposed, never used Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina. First alternative in the third set of proposals (the Westendorp proposals). A field of light blue that the flag of the United Nations uses with five gold and five white stripes, interleaved so as to form a triangle in the centre.

ดูเพิ่ม[แก้]


มอนเตเนโกร[แก้]

แม่แบบ:Disputed The following is a list of flags of Montenegro.

ธงชาติ[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
2004- National flag, civil, state and navy ensign Red with a golden border and the state coat of arms in the middle. Ratio: 1:2. Adopted on July 13 2004.

ธงในอดีต[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1993-2004 State Flag of Montenegro Red-bluish-white with equal width, with "bluish" (plavetna) meaning light-blue. Ratio 3:1. Returned the original official Montenegrin state flag
1946-1992 Republican Flag of the People's/Socialist Republic of Montenegro Red-blue-white traditional tricolor with the communist red star
1905-1918 State (national) Flag of Montenegro Red-bluish-white with equal width, with "bluish" (plavetna) meaning light-blue. Ratio 3:2. To differ from the flag of Serbia which was identical, the only official state flag, according to the first 1905 Constitution of the Princedom of Montenegro. Created after mythically the blue in the tricolor faded in the light of the sun, so Nicholas adopted it. Used temporarily in the fascist WWII Montenegrin State (oficially Kingdom).
1876-1905 National Flag of Montenegro Flag used on many different occasions throughout the existence of Montenegro to the present, recognized state flag until the one sanctioned by the 1905 Constitution. Mass-used by the Montenegrins since the 1880s. The Slavic tricolor versions proposed by Prince Danilo (based on the French liberal flag) were finally stabilized by adopting the Serbian tricolor in 1859. The flag was temporary used by Montenegrin institutions after multiparliamentarism in 1991, until the old flag was restored in 1993.
ไฟล์:NikolaGlupa.jpg 1881-1916 National Flag of Montenegro (unofficial) National tricolor with Nicholas' insignia

Court flags[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
1910-1921 King Nicholas I Petrovic-Njegos' royal standard National tricolor with King Nicholas I's initials and his royal crown
ไฟล์:KraljevinaDvorska.jpg 1910-1918 Court flag in the time of the Kingdom of Montenegro National tricolor with the Princely Coat-of-arms. Crown changed from princely to royal.
1910-1918 Royal flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro The lion was replaced by Nikola's cypher H.I. The crown was changed from a princely to a royal crown
1910-1918 Royal flag Another version, probably more correct one.
ไฟล์:KnjazevinaDvorska.jpg until 1910 Court flag in the time of the Princedom of Montenegro National tricolor with the Princely Coat-of-arms.
ไฟล์:Knjazevina.jpg until 1910 Nicholas' princely standard The national tricolor with Nicholas' Coat-of-arms and the biblical lion beneath.
1861-1900 Princely standard Nikola I
ไฟล์:Princely Standard of Danilo I of Montenegro.png 1852 Princely standard Danilo I

Civil ensigns[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
ไฟล์:Montenegro-1881-civil-ensign.jpg early 1881-1916 Civil ensign Tricolor with the Cyrillic cypher НІ (i.e. NI) of Prince Nicholas I topped with a golden crown in the center. Due to the fact that the owners as well as the crew of Montenegro's Ulcinj cruisers were Muslims, Nikola changed the flag not to offend Islam
1881-1916 Civil ensign Version of the Civil Ensign that was predominantly used. Usage extended beyond primary purpose to even of that of the National flag.
late 1880-early 1881 Civil ensign Tricolor flag with the cross from the war flag (krstaš-barjak) with Nicholas' initials set in canton; stripes based upon domestic national flag.
early 1880-late 1880 Civil ensign Horizontally divided red-white-red with the cross from the war flag (krstaš-barjak) with Nicholas' initials set in canton; based on the naval flag of Austro-Hungary according to the Dalmatian marine codelines sanctioned by the 1878 Congress of Berlin.
1878-1880 Naval ensign (unofficial) White flag with a red St George's Cross. Inspired by the British Naval Ensign back from the 1814 British navy's takeover of the port of Kotor during the war between the Montenegrins and the French.

ธงราชการทหาร[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
ไฟล์:NikolaAlaj-barjak.jpg after 1871 War Flag of Prince Nicholas I Petrovic Red with a double-headed eagle with Nicholas' initials and the biblical lion below; based upon the Alaj-barjak from Danil I's era. After Nicholas' martial reforms since 1871 he created a war flag for himself signifying the supreme command over the Montenegrin Army. Used by the World War II Axis puppet Montenegrin state.
after 1861 War Flag of Prince Nikola I Museum kept version
ไฟล์:NicholasBrigade.jpg after 1871 Brigade Battle Stag Red with a double-headed eagle with Nicholas' initials and the biblical lion below; based upon Nicholas' War Flag. After Nicholas' martial reforms since 1871 he created a battle stag for a Brigade, the largest Montenegrin military unit in the Montenegrin Army. Better quality materials than the Battalion Stag.
ไฟล์:NicholasBatallion.jpg after 1871 Battalion Battle Stag Red with a double-headed eagle with Nicholas' initials and the biblical lion below; based upon Nicholas' war flag. After Nicholas' martial reforms since 1871 he created a war flag for a Battalion, a military unit composed by a corresponding Montenegrin clan.
ไฟล์:CetaNikola.jpg after 1878 Squadron Battle Stag Red with the krstaš-barjak and border. After the Berlin Congress Nicholas finished his reforms of the Montenegrin Army started in 1871 by creating a war flag for a Squadron, a unit composed by men from a single settlement.
ca 1876 War stag of Nicholas I Petrovic Red with the krstaš-barjak with Nicholas' initials in it and border. Used at the Battle of Vučji Do.
ไฟล์:NikolaSto.jpg ca 1862 Old Centurian Battle Stag in Nicholas I's Army Red with the krstaš-barjak and border. Used in the 1862 war against the Ottomans.
reign of Prince Danilo Petrovic War Stag of Prince Danilo Petrovic Alaj-barjak of Prince Danilo, signifying the supreme command over the Montenegrin armed forces. Introduced by Prince Danil during his martial reforms. Used at the Battle of Grahovac.
reign of Prince Danilo Petrovic Guard Battle Stag in Prince Danil's Army Flag signifying a unit of 1,000 men; red field with the double-headed eagle and Prince Danil I's initials in it. Introduced by Prince Danil during his martial reforms.
reign of Prince Danilo Petrovic Centurian Battle Stag in Prince Danil's Army Flag signifying a unit of 100 men; red field with the traditional Montenegrin Cross of Saint George and Danil I's initials in it. Introduced by Prince Danil during his martial reforms. Based upon the old tribal Serb flag.

Archaic[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
ไฟล์:ScepanMali.jpg second half of the 18th century Banner of the False Tsar Šćepan Mali White banner with a red border, worn on a swear with a golden cross on top of it. Different from the Metropolitan flag to represent sacral rather than spiritual power it left out the cross. The cross was removed to symbolize secular rule.
while the Petrovic-Njegos family held the seat of Cetinje Metropolitans Martial Banner of Serb clans Flags signifying a Serb clan, to differ from the authority of the Scander Metropolitan. Where created by ripping and resewing captured Ottoman flags.
ไฟล์:Mitropolija.jpg while the Petrovic-Njegos family held the seat of Cetinje Metropolitans Banner of the Metropolitanate of Cetinje of the House of Petrović-Njegoš Orthodox red cross in a white field with a red border. Represents the highly Christian virtue of subjected peoples and the desire to fight against invading Islam. Used by the Serbian Army at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 and after the defeat brought to Montenegro. Adopted in during the Great Turkish War at the end of the 17th century.
1 Medieval; 1513-1524 Stag of the Crnojevićs White bicephalic eagle of the House of Nemanjić on traditional red background. Used since Lord Ivan-bey the Black as a mark of succession to the Serbian Empire; used by convert Scanderbey during the autonomous Sanjak of Montenegro. Mythic replica hangs on the Cetinje Monastery for centuries as its banner.

1Not a true flag, a symbol in the Medieval sense

ธงอื่นๆ[แก้]

ภาพธง ระยะเวลาที่ใช้ธง ชื่อธง คำอธิบาย
?-Present Bar (municipality) Tricolour
?-Present Budva (municipality) Three six-pointed stars over a blue background.
2006—Present Podgorica (capital city) Central part of the 2006 Coat of arms of Podgorica

ดูเพิ่ม[แก้]