แม่แบบ:กล่องข้อมูล โพแทสเซียม
Potassium pearls (in paraffin oil, ~5 mm each) | ||||||
โพแทสเซียม | ||||||
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Pronunciation | /pəˈtæsiəm/ | |||||
Appearance | silvery gray | |||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(K) | ||||||
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โพแทสเซียม in the periodic table | ||||||
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Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | |||||
Period | period 4 | |||||
Block | s-block | |||||
Electron configuration | [Ar] 4s1 | |||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 8, 1 | |||||
Physical properties | ||||||
Phase at STP | ของแข็ง | |||||
Melting point | 336.7 K (63.5 °C, 146.3 °F) | |||||
Boiling point | 1032 K (759 °C, 1398 °F) | |||||
Density (near r.t.) | 0.862 g/cm3 | |||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.828 g/cm3 | |||||
Critical point | 2223 K, 16[2] MPa | |||||
Heat of fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol | |||||
Heat of vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol | |||||
Molar heat capacity | 29.6 J/(mol·K) | |||||
Atomic properties | ||||||
Oxidation states | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | |||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.82 | |||||
Atomic radius | empirical: 227 pm | |||||
Covalent radius | 203±12 pm | |||||
Van der Waals radius | 275 pm | |||||
Spectral lines of โพแทสเซียม | ||||||
Other properties | ||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||
Crystal structure | รูปลูกบาศก์กลางตัว | |||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 2000 m/s (at 20 °C) | |||||
Thermal expansion | 83.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) | |||||
Thermal conductivity | 102.5 W/(m⋅K) | |||||
Electrical resistivity | 72 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) | |||||
Magnetic ordering | พาราแมกเนติก[3] | |||||
Young's modulus | 3.53 GPa | |||||
Shear modulus | 1.3 GPa | |||||
Bulk modulus | 3.1 GPa | |||||
Mohs hardness | 0.4 | |||||
Brinell hardness | 0.363 MPa | |||||
CAS Number | 7440-09-7 | |||||
History | ||||||
Discovery | ฮัมฟรี เดวี (1807) | |||||
First isolation | ฮัมฟรี เดวี (1807) | |||||
Symbol | "K": from New Latin kalium | |||||
Isotopes of โพแทสเซียม | ||||||
Template:infobox โพแทสเซียม isotopes does not exist | ||||||
อ้างอิง
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Potassium". CIAAW. 1979.
- ↑ Haynes, William M., บ.ก. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110.
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., บ.ก. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.