ผลต่างระหว่างรุ่นของ "ผักกาดก้านขาว"
เนื้อหาที่ลบ เนื้อหาที่เพิ่ม
ไม่มีความย่อการแก้ไข |
ไม่มีความย่อการแก้ไข ป้ายระบุ: เครื่องมือแก้ไขต้นฉบับปี 2560 |
||
บรรทัด 1: | บรรทัด 1: | ||
{{Speciesbox |
|||
{{taxobox |
|||
|name = ผักกาดก้านขาว |
| name = ผักกาดก้านขาว |
||
|image = |
| image = Koeh-169.jpg |
||
| genus = Brassica |
|||
|image_caption = ดอกผักกาดก้านขาว |
|||
| species = napus |
|||
|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
|||
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]{{Refn|group=note|''Brassica napus'' เดิมได้รับการกล่าวถึงและตีพิมพ์ใน ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' 2:666. 1753.{{Sfn|GRIN|2010a}} }} |
|||
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
|||
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
|||
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
|||
|ordo = [[Brassicales]] |
|||
|familia = [[Brassicaceae]] |
|||
|genus = ''[[Brassica]]'' |
|||
|species = '''''B. napus''''' |
|||
|binomial = ''Brassica napus'' |
|||
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<ref> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?7661 |
|||
|title=Brassica napus information from NPGS/GRIN |
|||
|publisher=www.ars-grin.gov |
|||
|accessdate=2008-03-27 |
|||
|last= |
|||
|first= |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
</ref> |
|||
|}} |
|||
'''ผักกาดก้านขาว''' ({{ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์|Brassica napus}}) เป็นพืชดอกสีเหลืองสดใน[[วงศ์ผักกาด]] (Brassicaceae) ผักกาดก้านขาวเป็นแหล่งใหญ่อันดับสามที่ใช้ในการผลิต[[น้ำมันพืช]]ของโลกใน ค.ศ. 2000 น้ำมันจากผักกาดก้านขาวยังใช้ในการผลิต[[ไบโอดีเซล]]ได้ นอกจากนั้น[[ใบ]]และก้านของผักกาดก้านขาวยังกินได้อีกด้วย |
'''ผักกาดก้านขาว''' ({{ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์|Brassica napus}}) เป็นพืชดอกสีเหลืองสดใน[[วงศ์ผักกาด]] (Brassicaceae) ผักกาดก้านขาวเป็นแหล่งใหญ่อันดับสามที่ใช้ในการผลิต[[น้ำมันพืช]]ของโลกใน ค.ศ. 2000 น้ำมันจากผักกาดก้านขาวยังใช้ในการผลิต[[ไบโอดีเซล]]ได้ นอกจากนั้น[[ใบ]]และก้านของผักกาดก้านขาวยังกินได้อีกด้วย |
||
ผักกาดก้านขาวมีชื่อพื้นเมืองอื่นดังนี้ ผักกาดมูเซอ, ผักกาดยาง ([[เชียงใหม่]]) และสะเบเด๊าะ (กะเหรี่ยง, [[แม่ฮ่องสอน]])<ref name="สำนักงานหอพรรณไม้">เต็ม สมิตินันทน์ [http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/ThaiPlantName/Default.aspx ''ชื่อพรรณไม้แห่งประเทศไทย''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501001535/http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/ThaiPlantName/Default.aspx |date=2010-05-01 }} สำนักงานหอพรรณไม้ กรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช, พ.ศ. 2549</ref> |
ผักกาดก้านขาวมีชื่อพื้นเมืองอื่นดังนี้ ผักกาดมูเซอ, ผักกาดยาง ([[เชียงใหม่]]) และสะเบเด๊าะ (กะเหรี่ยง, [[แม่ฮ่องสอน]])<ref name="สำนักงานหอพรรณไม้">เต็ม สมิตินันทน์ [http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/ThaiPlantName/Default.aspx ''ชื่อพรรณไม้แห่งประเทศไทย''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501001535/http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/ThaiPlantName/Default.aspx |date=2010-05-01 }} สำนักงานหอพรรณไม้ กรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช, พ.ศ. 2549</ref> |
||
==การผลิต== |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right;" |
|||
[[องค์การอาหารและการเกษตรแห่งสหประชาชาติ]]รายงานการผลิตผักกาดก้านขาวทั่วโลกที่ 36 ล้านคนในฤดูกาล 2003–2004 และประมาณการที่ 58.4 ล้านตันในฤดูกาล 2010–2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.usda.gov/oilseeds/circular/2011/March/oilseeds.pdf |title=Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade |access-date=17 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208134100/http://www.fas.usda.gov/oilseeds/circular/2011/March/oilseeds.pdf |archive-date=8 February 2012 }}</ref> |
|||
! colspan=2|ประเทศผู้ผลิตรายใหญ่ที่สุดใน ค.ศ. 2007<br>(ล้านเมตริกตัน) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{CHN}} || style="text-align:right;"| 10.3 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{CAN}} || style="text-align:right;"| 9.5 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{IND}} || style="text-align:right;"| 7.4 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{GER}} || style="text-align:right;"| 5.3 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{FRA}} || style="text-align:right;"| 4.6 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{POL}} || style="text-align:right;"| 2.13 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{GBR}} || style="text-align:right;"| 2.10 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{AUS}} || style="text-align:right;"| 1.1 |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{USA}} || style="text-align:right;"| 0.7 |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''รวมทั่วโลก''' || style="text-align:right;"| '''50.5''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|colspan=2|''ที่มา: <br>[[องค์การอาหารและการเกษตรแห่งสหประชาชาติ]] (เอฟเอโอ)''<ref name="autogenerated1">http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/form?collection=Production.Crops.Primary&Domain=Production&servlet=1&hasbulk=0&version=ext&language=EN</ref> |
|||
|} |
|||
{| class="wikitable |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|+ ผู้ผลิตผักกาดก้านขาวอันดับต้นของโลกในหน่วยล้าน[[ตัน]]<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/form?collection=Production.Crops.Primary&Domain=Production&servlet=1&hasbulk=0&version=ext&language=EN FAOSTAT]. UN Food & Agriculture Organisation.</ref><ref>[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ FAOSTAT]. UN Food & Agriculture Organisation.</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! ประเทศ ||1965 ||1975 ||1985||1995||2000||2005|| 2007 || 2009 || 2011 || 2012 || 2013 || 2014 |
|||
! colspan=2|ผลผลิตทั่วโลก <br>(ล้านเมตริกตัน) |
|||
!2015 |
|||
|- |
|||
!2016 |
|||
| 1965 || style="text-align:right;"| 5.2 |
|||
!2017 |
|||
|- |
|||
!2018 |
|||
| 1975 || style="text-align:right;"| 8.8 |
|||
!2019 |
|||
|- |
|||
!2020 |
|||
| 1985 || style="text-align:right;"| 19.2 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{CAN}} ||0.5 ||1.8 ||3.5 ||6.4||7.2 ||9.4 || 9.6 || 11.8 || 14.2 || 15.4 || 17.9 || 15.5 |
|||
| 18.4 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 18.4 |
|||
| 2005 || style="text-align:right;"| 46.4 |
|||
|21.3 |
|||
|- |
|||
|20.3 |
|||
|colspan=2|''ที่มา: <br>[[องค์การอาหารและการเกษตรแห่งสหประชาชาติ]] (เอฟเอโอ)''<ref name="autogenerated1"/> |
|||
|18.6 |
|||
|19.5 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{CHN}} ||1.1 ||1.5 ||5.6 ||9.8 ||11.3 ||13.0 || 10.5 || 13.5 || 13.4 || 14.0 || 14.4 || 14.8 |
|||
|14.9 |
|||
| 15.3 |
|||
|13.3 |
|||
|13.3 |
|||
|13.5 |
|||
|14.0 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{IND}} ||1.5 ||2.3 ||3.1 ||5.8 ||5.8 ||7.6 || 7.4 || 7.2 || 8.2 || 6.8 || 7.8 || 7.9 |
|||
|6.3 |
|||
| 6.8 |
|||
|7.9 |
|||
|8.4 |
|||
|9.3 |
|||
|9.1 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{FRA}} ||0.3 ||0.5 ||1.4 ||2.8 ||3.5||4.5 || 4.7 || 5.6 || 5.4 || 5.5 || 4.4 || 5.5 |
|||
| 5.3 |
|||
| 4.7 |
|||
|5.3 |
|||
|5.0 |
|||
|3.5 |
|||
|3.3 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{PAK}} ||<0.007 ||<0.06 ||<0.03 ||<0.1||0.1 ||0.3 || 1.0 || 1.9 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 2.4 || 2.2 |
|||
| 1.7 |
|||
| 1.1 |
|||
|2.2 |
|||
|2.8 |
|||
|3.3 |
|||
|0.6 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{GER}} ||0.3 ||0.6 ||1.2 ||3.1 ||3.6 ||5.0 || 5.3 || 6.3 || 3.9 || 4.8 || 5.8 || 6.2 |
|||
| 5.0 |
|||
| 4.6 |
|||
|4.3 |
|||
|3.7 |
|||
|2.8 |
|||
|3.5 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{AUS}} ||<0.007 ||<0.06 ||0.1 ||0.6 ||1.8 ||1.4 || 1.1 || 1.9 || 2.4 || 3.4 || 4.1 || 3.8 |
|||
| 3.5 |
|||
| 2.9 |
|||
|4.3 |
|||
|3.9 |
|||
|2.4 |
|||
|2.3 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{POL}} ||0.5 ||0.7 ||1.1 ||1.4 ||1.0 ||1.4 || 2.1 || 2.5 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 2.7 || 3.3 || 2.7 || 2.2 |
|||
|2.7 |
|||
|2.1 |
|||
|2.3 |
|||
|3.0 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{RUS}} ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||0.1 ||0.1 ||0.3 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 1.1 || 1.0 || 1.4 || 1.3 |
|||
| 1.0 |
|||
| 1.0 |
|||
|1.5 |
|||
|2.0 |
|||
|2.1 |
|||
|2.6 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{GBR}} ||<0.007 ||0.06 ||0.9 ||1.2 ||1.2 ||1.9 || 2.1 || 2.0 || 2.8 || 2.6 || 2.1 || 2.5 |
|||
| 2.5 |
|||
| 1.8 |
|||
|2.2 |
|||
|2.0 |
|||
|1.8 |
|||
|1.0 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{USA}} ||<0.007 ||<0.06 ||<0.03 ||0.2 ||0.9 ||0.7 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 1.1 || 0.9 || 1.1 |
|||
| 1.3 |
|||
| 1.4 |
|||
|1.4 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{CZE}} ||0.07 ||0.1 ||0.3 ||0.7 ||0.8 ||0.7 || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.4 || 1.5 |
|||
| 1.3 |
|||
| 1.4 |
|||
|1.2 |
|||
|1.4 |
|||
|1.2 |
|||
|1.2 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{HUN}} ||0.008 ||0.1 ||0.1 ||0.1 ||0.2 ||0.3 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 0.7 |
|||
| 0.6 |
|||
| 0.6 |
|||
|0.9 |
|||
|1.0 |
|||
|0.9 |
|||
|0.9 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{ROM}} ||0.01 ||0.02 ||0.04 ||0.04 ||0.1 ||0.1 || 0.4 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 0.2 || 0.7 || 1.1 |
|||
| 0.9 |
|||
| 1.3 |
|||
|1.7 |
|||
|1.6 |
|||
|0.8 |
|||
|0.8 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{DEN}} ||0.05 ||0.1 ||0.5 ||0.3 ||0.3 ||0.3 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.7 || 0.7 |
|||
| 0.8 |
|||
| 0.5 |
|||
|0.7 |
|||
|0.5 |
|||
|0.7 |
|||
|0.6 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{LIT}} ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A || 0.02 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 0.5 |
|||
| 0.5 |
|||
|0.4 |
|||
|0.5 |
|||
|0.4 |
|||
|0.7 |
|||
|1.0 |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{BLR}} ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||0.03 ||0.07 ||0.1 || 0.2 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 0.7 |
|||
| 0.4 |
|||
| 0.5 |
|||
|0.6 |
|||
|0.5 |
|||
|0.6 |
|||
|0.7 |
|||
<!-- SVK |
|||
| --> |
|||
|- style="text-align:right;" |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | '''World Total'''||5.2||8.8 || 19.2||34.2 ||39.5 ||46.4 || 50.5 || 61.6 || 62.5 || 64.8 || 72.5 || 73.8 |
|||
| 71.2 |
|||
| 68.9 |
|||
|76.6 |
|||
|75.2 |
|||
|70.5 |
|||
|72.4 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
== หมายเหตุ == |
|||
{{Reflist|group=note}} |
|||
==อ้างอิง== |
==อ้างอิง== |
||
{{Reflist|20em}} |
|||
{{รายการอ้างอิง}} |
|||
=== ข้อมูลทั่วไป === |
|||
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=AgMRC |date=2018 |title=Rapeseed |url=https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/grains-oilseeds/rapeseed |publisher=Agricultural Marketing Resource Center |access-date=20 March 2019 }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Alford |first1=David V. |title=Biocontrol of Oilseed Rape Pests |date=2008 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=9781405171564 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Tv-0bmKqVMC |access-date=23 March 2019}} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last1=Beckie |first1=Hugh J. |last2=Harker |first2=K Neil |last3=Légère |first3=Anne |last4=Morrison |first4=Malcolm J |last5=Séguin-Swartz |first5=Ginette |last6=Falk |first6=Kevin C |url=http://www.canolawatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/20110309_FPJ_Aut11_Beckie.et_.al_.pdf |title=GM Canola: The Canadian Experience |journal=Farm Policy Journal |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=43–49 |year=2011 |access-date=20 August 2012 }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Beesley |first1=Stan |last2=Wilde |first2=John |title=Urban Flora of Belfast |date=1997 |publisher=Queen's University of Belfast |isbn=9780853896951}} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last1=Bertazzini |first1=Michele |last2=Forlani |first2=Giuseppe |title=Intraspecific Variability of Floral Nectar Volume and Composition in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |date=16 March 2016 |volume=7 |page=288 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2016.00288 |pmid=27014311 |issn=1664-462X|pmc=4792878 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last1=Bonjean |first1=Alain. P. |last2=Dequidt |first2=Céline |last3=Sang |first3=Tina |last4=Limagrain |first4=Groupe |title=Rapeseed in China |journal=OCL |date=18 November 2016 |volume=23 |issue=6 |page=D605 |doi=10.1051/ocl/2016045 |url=https://www.ocl-journal.org/articles/ocl/full_html/2016/06/ocl160045s/ocl160045s.html |access-date=20 March 2019 |issn=2272-6977|doi-access=free }} {{open access}} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Callihan |first1=Robert H. |last2=Brennan |first2=Jeff |last3=Miller |first3=Tim |last4=Brown |first4=Jack |last5=Moore |first5=Mary |title=Mustards in Mustards: Guide to Identification of Canola, Mustard, Rapeseed and Related Weeds |date=2000 |publisher=University of Idaho }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=CFIA |title=The Biology of ''Brassica napus'' L. (Canola/Rapeseed) |url=https://www.inspection.gc.ca/plant-health/plants-with-novel-traits/applicants/directive-94-08/biology-documents/brassica-napus-l-/eng/1330729090093/1330729278970 |publisher=Plant and Biotechnology Risk Assessment Unit, Plant Health Science Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency |access-date=18 April 2020 |date=22 December 2017 |author-link=Canadian Food Inspection Agency }} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last1=Chambó |first1=E. D. |last2=De Oliveira |first2=N. T. |last3=Garcia |first3=R. C. |last4=Duarte-Júnior |first4=J. B. |last5=Ruvolo-Takasusuki |first5=M. C. |last6=Toledo |first6=V. A. |title=Pollination of rapeseed (Brassica napus) by Africanized honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on two sowing dates. |journal=Ann. Acad. Bras. Cienc |date=December 2014 |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=2087–2100 |pmid=25590743 |doi=10.1590/0001-3765201420140134 |issn=0001-3765|doi-access=free }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Downey |first1=R. K. |last2=Rimmer |first2=S. R. |title=Advances in Agronomy |date=14 October 1993 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=9780080563633 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0yRmb_9hHIC |access-date=24 April 2020 }} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last1=EC | url = http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31980L0891:EN:HTML | title=Commission Directive 80/891/EEC of 25 July 1980 relating to the Community method of analysis for determining the erucic acid content in oils and fats intended to be used as such for human consumption and foodstuffs containing added oils or fats |journal=Official Journal of the European Communities |volume=254 |year=1980 |author-link=European Commission }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=Garrett |first1=Skip |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/pubs/html/98511316/98511316.html |title=Vegetable Oil For Lubricating Chain Saws |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |date=November 1998 |access-date=22 April 2012 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=GRIN |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?7661 |title=Taxon: ''Brassica napus'' L. |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |date=2010a |access-date=25 November 2013|author-link=Germplasm Resources Information Network }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=GRIN |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?7664 |title=Taxon: '' Brassica napus'' L. subsp. ''napus'' var. ''pabularia'' (DC.) Alef. |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |date=2010b |access-date=18 April 2020 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=GRIN |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?311781 |title=Taxon: ''Brassica napus'' L. subsp. ''napus'' |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |date=2012a |access-date=18 April 2020 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=GRIN |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?319659 |title=Taxon: '' Brassica napus'' L. subsp. ''rapifera'' Metzg. |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |date=2012b |access-date=18 April 2020 }} |
|||
* {{cite news | first=Matt | last=Hartley | title=Grain Farmer Claims Moral Victory in Seed Battle Against Monsanto | date=20 March 2008 | url =http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2008/03/20/7784 | work =[[The Globe and Mail]] | access-date = 30 August 2011 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=Heuzé |first1=V. |last2=Tran |first2=G. |last3=Sauvant |first3=D. |last4=Lessire |first4=M. |last5=Lebas |first5=F. |title=Rapeseed meal |url=https://www.feedipedia.org/node/52 |website=Feedipedia |access-date=18 April 2020 |date=31 January 2020 }} |
|||
* {{cite journal | last1=Hulse-Kemp | first1=Amanda M | author-link1=Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp|last2=Lemm | first2=Jana | last3=Plieske | first3=Joerg | last4=Ashrafi | first4=Hamid | last5=Buyyarapu | first5=Ramesh | last6=Fang | first6=David D | last7=Frelichowski | first7=James | last8=Giband | first8=Marc | last9=Hague | first9=Steve | last10=Hinze | first10=Lori L | last11=Kochan | first11=Kelli J | last12=Riggs | first12=Penny K | last13=Scheffler | first13=Jodi A | last14=Udall | first14=Joshua A | last15=Ulloa | first15=Mauricio | last16=Wang | first16=Shirley S | last17=Zhu | first17=Qian-Hao | last18=Bag | first18=Sumit K | last19=Bhardwaj | first19=Archana | last20=Burke | first20=John J | last21=Byers | first21=Robert L | last22=Claverie | first22=Michel | last23=Gore | first23=Michael A | last24=Harker | first24=David B | last25=Islam | first25=Mohammad Sariful | last26=Jenkins | first26=Johnie N | last27=Jones | first27=Don C | last28=Lacape | first28=Jean-Marc | last29=Llewellyn | first29=Danny J | last30=Percy | first30=Richard G | last31=Pepper | first31=Alan E | last32=Poland | first32=Jesse A | last33=Mohan Rai | first33=Krishan | last34=Sawant | first34=Samir V | last35=Singh | first35=Sunil Kumar | last36=Spriggs | first36=Andrew | last37=Taylor | first37=Jen M | last38=Wang | first38=Fei | last39=Yourstone | first39=Scott M | last40=Zheng | first40=Xiuting | last41=Lawley | first41=Cindy T | last42=Ganal | first42=Martin W | last43=Van Deynze | first43=Allen | last44=Wilson | first44=Iain W | last45=Stelly | first45=David M | title=Development of a 63K SNP Array for Cotton and High-Density Mapping of Intraspecific and Interspecific Populations of ''Gossypium'' spp. | journal=[[G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics]] | publisher=[[Genetics Society of America]] ([[Oxford University Press|OUP]]) | volume=5 | issue=6 | date=2015-06-01 | issn=2160-1836 | doi=10.1534/g3.115.018416 | pages=1187–1209 | s2cid=11590488| pmc=4478548 }} |
|||
* {{cite web|first=Marlo|last=Lewis Jr.|url=http://www.openmarket.org/2007/11/12/biofuel-mandates-cause-global-warming-scientists-say/ |title=Biofuel mandates cause global warming, scientists say |publisher=Openmarket.org |date=12 November 2007 |access-date=22 April 2012 }} |
|||
* {{Cite journal|last1=Lindström|first1=Sandra A. M.|last2=Herbertsson|first2=Lina|last3=Rundlöf|first3=Maj|last4=Smith|first4=Henrik G.|last5=Bommarco|first5=Riccardo|date=9 December 2015|title=Large-scale pollination experiment demonstrates the importance of insect pollination in winter oilseed rape|journal=Oecologia|language=en|volume=180|issue=3|pages=759–769|doi=10.1007/s00442-015-3517-x |pmid=26650584 |s2cid=17513467|issn=0029-8549 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=Lixandru |first1=Marius |title=Properties and Benefits of Rapeseed Honey |url=https://www.natureword.com/properties-and-benefits-of-rapeseed-honey/ |website=natureword.com |access-date=20 March 2019 |date=27 March 2017}} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=William K. |title=The Concise British Flora in Colour |date=1965 |publisher=Ebury Press & Michael Joseph}} |
|||
* {{cite journal |last1=Mag |first1=T. K. |title=Canola oil processing in Canada |journal=Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society |date=1983 |volume=60 |issue=2Part2 |pages=380–384 |doi=10.1007/BF02543522 |s2cid=97800211 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=3709 |title=Brassica napus subsp. rapifera |work=NCBI taxonomy database |date=2013 |access-date=18 April 2020|author-link=National Center for Biotechnology Information }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=OED |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rape | title=rape (n.2) | publisher=Douglas Harper | work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] | date=2016 | access-date=18 July 2016 }} |
|||
* {{cite book | last = O'Brien | first = Richard D. | title = Fats and Oils Formulating and Processing for Applications | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3wpHj3mvra8C | isbn = 9781420061666 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]| edition=3 | year = 2008 |access-date=18 April 2020 }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Parnell |first1=John |last2=Curtis |first2=Tom |last3=Webb |first3=David A. |title=Webb's an Irish Flora |date=2012 |publisher=Cork University Press |isbn=9781859184783}} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=Potts |first1=Derek A. |last2=Rakow |first2=Gerhard W. |last3=Males |first3=Daryl R. |title=Canola Quality Brassica juncea, A New Oilseed Crop for the Canadian Prairies |url=https://www.gcirc.org/fileadmin/documents/Proceedings/IRC1999Canberravol1/70.htm |publisher=Global Council for Innovation in Rapeseed and Canola |access-date=18 April 2020 |date=1999 }} |
|||
* {{cite journal | last1=Rasheed | first1=Awais | last2=Hao | first2=Yuanfeng | last3=Xia | first3=Xianchun | last4=Khan | first4=Awais | last5=Xu | first5=Yunbi | last6=Varshney | first6=Rajeev K. | last7=He | first7=Zhonghu | title=Crop Breeding Chips and Genotyping Platforms: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives | journal=[[Molecular Plant]] | publisher=[[Chinese Academy of Sciences|Chin Acad Sci]]+[[Chinese Society for Plant Biology|Chin Soc Plant Bio]]+[[Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences|Shanghai Inst Bio Sci]] ([[Elsevier]]) | volume=10 | issue=8 | year=2017 | issn=1674-2052 | doi=10.1016/j.molp.2017.06.008 | pages=1047–1064 | s2cid=33780984 | pmid=28669791}} |
|||
* {{cite thesis |last1=Roché |first1=Kenneth J. |type=PhD |title=Canola: A Modern Crop for a Modern Era |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=planthealthdoc |publisher=Doctor of Plant Health Program (DPH), University of Nebraska-Lincoln |access-date=18 April 2020 |date=27 November 2015 }} {{open access}} |
|||
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Sahasrabudhe | first1 = M. R. | title = Crismer values and erucic acid contents of rapeseed oils | doi = 10.1007/BF02672436 | journal = Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society | volume = 54 | issue = 8 | pages = 323–324 | year = 1977 | s2cid = 84400266 }} |
|||
* {{Cite journal|last1=Salimon|first1=Jumat|last2=Salih|first2=Nadia|last3=Yousif|first3=Emad|date=2010|title=Biolubricants: Raw materials, chemical modifications and environmental benefits|journal=European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology |language=en |volume=112 |issue=5 |pages=519–530 |doi=10.1002/ejlt.200900205 |issn=1438-9312 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Marilyn |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/ecological-reservation-belarus-fosters-new-approaches-soil-remediation |title=Ecological reservation in Belarus fosters new approaches to soil remediation |publisher=[[IAEA]] |date=29 January 2004 |access-date=20 October 2012 }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Snowdon |first1=Rod |last2=Lühs |first2=Wilfried |last3=Friedt |first3=Wolfgang |title=Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants - Oilseeds |date=2006 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783540343875 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKWulH2TFh4C |access-date=21 March 2019}} |
|||
* {{cite book|last1=Thiyam-Holländer|first1=Usha|last2=Eskin|first2=Michael|last3=Matthäus|first3=Bertrand|title=Canola and Rapeseed: Production, Processing, Food Quality, and Nutrition|date=2013|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, FL |isbn=9781466513884 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlLOBQAAQBAJ |access-date=25 November 2015 }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=USDA |title=Agricultural Statistics 2002 |date=2002 |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |isbn=0160511135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quea_n09ajwC |access-date=20 March 2019 }} |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=USFDA |publisher=Food and Drug Administration |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1555 |title=CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 |date=1 April 2010 |access-date=19 April 2020 |author-link=Food and Drug Administration }} |
|||
* {{cite news |last=Walker |first=Shaun |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/return-to-the-fields-of-chernobyl-2137071.html |title=Return to the fields of Chernobyl |work=[[The Independent]] |date=18 November 2010 |access-date=31 October 2012 }} |
|||
* {{cite book |last1=Webb |first1=David A. |last2=Parnell |first2=John |last3=Doogue |first3=D. |title=An Irish Flora |date=1996 |publisher=Dundalgan Press |isbn=9780852211311 }} |
|||
{{refend}} |
|||
== แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น == |
== แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น == |
||
* {{Commons category-inline|Brassica napus}} |
|||
* [http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabase.prota.org%2Fsearch.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Brassica+napus&RF=Webdisplay PROTAbase on ''Brassica napus''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530220801/http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabase.prota.org%2Fsearch.htm&TN=PROTAB~1&QB0=AND&QF0=Species+Code&QI0=Brassica+napus&RF=Webdisplay |date=2013-05-30 }} |
|||
* {{Commons category-inline|Rapeseed oil}} |
|||
* [http://www.canola-council.org/cooking_myths.html Canola Council on truth and myths about Canola] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724072256/http://www.canola-council.org/cooking_myths.html |date=2008-07-24 }} |
|||
* [http://www.snopes2.com/toxins/canola.htm Origins of ''Canola oil is toxic'' falsehood.]{{ลิงก์เสีย|date=สิงหาคม 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
|||
* Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (05-Dec-2001).[http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/43bb6130e5e86e5fc12569fa005d004c/19f31700dc91b614c1256b19003bd79d/$FILE/JT00118009.PDF Consensus Document on Key Nutrients and Key Toxicants in Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed (Canola)]. ENV/JM/MONO(2001)13. Retrieved 2006-11-27 |
|||
* University of Melbourne (1999) Multilingual multiscript plant name database. [http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Brassica.html Brassica names]. General Botanical Index. Retrieved 2006-11-27 |
|||
* [http://www.gmo-safety.eu/topic/85 Oilseed rape: Biosafety research funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) - Overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104231338/http://www.gmo-safety.eu/topic/85 |date=2012-11-04 }} |
|||
* [http://www.canolainfo.org CanolaInfo] |
|||
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/foodprogramme_20070204.shtml BBC Radio 4 Food Programme on rapeseed oil] |
|||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q177932}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[หมวดหมู่:วงศ์ผักกาด]] |
[[หมวดหมู่:วงศ์ผักกาด]] |
รุ่นแก้ไขเมื่อ 11:15, 22 พฤษภาคม 2565
ผักกาดก้านขาว | |
---|---|
การจำแนกชั้นทางวิทยาศาสตร์ | |
โดเมน: | ยูแคริโอตา |
อาณาจักร: | พืช |
เคลด: | พืชมีท่อลำเลียง |
เคลด: | พืชดอก |
เคลด: | พืชใบเลี้ยงคู่แท้ |
เคลด: | โรสิด |
อันดับ: | อันดับผักกาด |
วงศ์: | วงศ์ผักกาด |
สกุล: | Brassica L.[note 1] |
สปีชีส์: | Brassica napus |
ชื่อทวินาม | |
Brassica napus L.[note 1] |
ผักกาดก้านขาว (ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์: Brassica napus) เป็นพืชดอกสีเหลืองสดในวงศ์ผักกาด (Brassicaceae) ผักกาดก้านขาวเป็นแหล่งใหญ่อันดับสามที่ใช้ในการผลิตน้ำมันพืชของโลกใน ค.ศ. 2000 น้ำมันจากผักกาดก้านขาวยังใช้ในการผลิตไบโอดีเซลได้ นอกจากนั้นใบและก้านของผักกาดก้านขาวยังกินได้อีกด้วย
ผักกาดก้านขาวมีชื่อพื้นเมืองอื่นดังนี้ ผักกาดมูเซอ, ผักกาดยาง (เชียงใหม่) และสะเบเด๊าะ (กะเหรี่ยง, แม่ฮ่องสอน)[2]
การผลิต
องค์การอาหารและการเกษตรแห่งสหประชาชาติรายงานการผลิตผักกาดก้านขาวทั่วโลกที่ 36 ล้านคนในฤดูกาล 2003–2004 และประมาณการที่ 58.4 ล้านตันในฤดูกาล 2010–2011[3]
ประเทศ | 1965 | 1975 | 1985 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
แคนาดา | 0.5 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 11.8 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 17.9 | 15.5 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 21.3 | 20.3 | 18.6 | 19.5 |
จีน | 1.1 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 13.0 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 14.0 |
อินเดีย | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 9.1 |
ฝรั่งเศส | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
ปากีสถาน | <0.007 | <0.06 | <0.03 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 0.6 |
เยอรมนี | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 3.5 |
ออสเตรเลีย | <0.007 | <0.06 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
โปแลนด์ | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
รัสเซีย | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
สหราชอาณาจักร | <0.007 | 0.06 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.0 |
สหรัฐ | <0.007 | <0.06 | <0.03 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
เช็กเกีย | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
ฮังการี | 0.008 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
โรมาเนีย | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
เดนมาร์ก | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
ลิทัวเนีย | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
เบลารุส | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
World Total | 5.2 | 8.8 | 19.2 | 34.2 | 39.5 | 46.4 | 50.5 | 61.6 | 62.5 | 64.8 | 72.5 | 73.8 | 71.2 | 68.9 | 76.6 | 75.2 | 70.5 | 72.4 |
หมายเหตุ
- ↑ Brassica napus เดิมได้รับการกล่าวถึงและตีพิมพ์ใน Species Plantarum 2:666. 1753.[1]
อ้างอิง
- ↑ GRIN 2010a.
- ↑ เต็ม สมิตินันทน์ ชื่อพรรณไม้แห่งประเทศไทย เก็บถาวร 2010-05-01 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน สำนักงานหอพรรณไม้ กรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช, พ.ศ. 2549
- ↑ "Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade" (PDF). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 8 February 2012. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 February 2012.
- ↑ FAOSTAT. UN Food & Agriculture Organisation.
- ↑ FAOSTAT. UN Food & Agriculture Organisation.
ข้อมูลทั่วไป
- AgMRC (2018). "Rapeseed". Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 March 2019.
- Alford, David V. (2008). Biocontrol of Oilseed Rape Pests. Wiley. ISBN 9781405171564. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 March 2019.
- Beckie, Hugh J.; Harker, K Neil; Légère, Anne; Morrison, Malcolm J; Séguin-Swartz, Ginette; Falk, Kevin C (2011). "GM Canola: The Canadian Experience" (PDF). Farm Policy Journal. 8 (1): 43–49. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 August 2012.
- Beesley, Stan; Wilde, John (1997). Urban Flora of Belfast. Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 9780853896951.
- Bertazzini, Michele; Forlani, Giuseppe (16 March 2016). "Intraspecific Variability of Floral Nectar Volume and Composition in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera)". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 288. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00288. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 4792878. PMID 27014311.
- Bonjean, Alain. P.; Dequidt, Céline; Sang, Tina; Limagrain, Groupe (18 November 2016). "Rapeseed in China". OCL. 23 (6): D605. doi:10.1051/ocl/2016045. ISSN 2272-6977. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 March 2019.
- Callihan, Robert H.; Brennan, Jeff; Miller, Tim; Brown, Jack; Moore, Mary (2000). Mustards in Mustards: Guide to Identification of Canola, Mustard, Rapeseed and Related Weeds. University of Idaho.
- CFIA (22 December 2017). "The Biology of Brassica napus L. (Canola/Rapeseed)". Plant and Biotechnology Risk Assessment Unit, Plant Health Science Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- Chambó, E. D.; De Oliveira, N. T.; Garcia, R. C.; Duarte-Júnior, J. B.; Ruvolo-Takasusuki, M. C.; Toledo, V. A. (December 2014). "Pollination of rapeseed (Brassica napus) by Africanized honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on two sowing dates". Ann. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 86 (4): 2087–2100. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201420140134. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 25590743.
- Downey, R. K.; Rimmer, S. R. (14 October 1993). Advances in Agronomy. Academic Press. ISBN 9780080563633. สืบค้นเมื่อ 24 April 2020.
- EC (1980). "Commission Directive 80/891/EEC of 25 July 1980 relating to the Community method of analysis for determining the erucic acid content in oils and fats intended to be used as such for human consumption and foodstuffs containing added oils or fats". Official Journal of the European Communities. 254.
- Garrett, Skip (November 1998). "Vegetable Oil For Lubricating Chain Saws". United States Forest Service. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 April 2012.
- GRIN (2010a). "Taxon: Brassica napus L." Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. สืบค้นเมื่อ 25 November 2013.
- GRIN (2010b). "Taxon: Brassica napus L. subsp. napus var. pabularia (DC.) Alef". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- GRIN (2012a). "Taxon: Brassica napus L. subsp. napus". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- GRIN (2012b). "Taxon: Brassica napus L. subsp. rapifera Metzg". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- Hartley, Matt (20 March 2008). "Grain Farmer Claims Moral Victory in Seed Battle Against Monsanto". The Globe and Mail. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 August 2011.
- Heuzé, V.; Tran, G.; Sauvant, D.; Lessire, M.; Lebas, F. (31 January 2020). "Rapeseed meal". Feedipedia. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- Hulse-Kemp, Amanda M; Lemm, Jana; Plieske, Joerg; Ashrafi, Hamid; Buyyarapu, Ramesh; Fang, David D; Frelichowski, James; Giband, Marc; Hague, Steve; Hinze, Lori L; Kochan, Kelli J; Riggs, Penny K; Scheffler, Jodi A; Udall, Joshua A; Ulloa, Mauricio; Wang, Shirley S; Zhu, Qian-Hao; Bag, Sumit K; Bhardwaj, Archana; Burke, John J; Byers, Robert L; Claverie, Michel; Gore, Michael A; Harker, David B; Islam, Mohammad Sariful; Jenkins, Johnie N; Jones, Don C; Lacape, Jean-Marc; Llewellyn, Danny J; Percy, Richard G; Pepper, Alan E; Poland, Jesse A; Mohan Rai, Krishan; Sawant, Samir V; Singh, Sunil Kumar; Spriggs, Andrew; Taylor, Jen M; Wang, Fei; Yourstone, Scott M; Zheng, Xiuting; Lawley, Cindy T; Ganal, Martin W; Van Deynze, Allen; Wilson, Iain W; Stelly, David M (2015-06-01). "Development of a 63K SNP Array for Cotton and High-Density Mapping of Intraspecific and Interspecific Populations of Gossypium spp". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. Genetics Society of America (OUP). 5 (6): 1187–1209. doi:10.1534/g3.115.018416. ISSN 2160-1836. PMC 4478548. S2CID 11590488.
- Lewis Jr., Marlo (12 November 2007). "Biofuel mandates cause global warming, scientists say". Openmarket.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 April 2012.
- Lindström, Sandra A. M.; Herbertsson, Lina; Rundlöf, Maj; Smith, Henrik G.; Bommarco, Riccardo (9 December 2015). "Large-scale pollination experiment demonstrates the importance of insect pollination in winter oilseed rape". Oecologia (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 180 (3): 759–769. doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3517-x. ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 26650584. S2CID 17513467.
- Lixandru, Marius (27 March 2017). "Properties and Benefits of Rapeseed Honey". natureword.com. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 March 2019.
- Martin, William K. (1965). The Concise British Flora in Colour. Ebury Press & Michael Joseph.
- Mag, T. K. (1983). "Canola oil processing in Canada". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 60 (2Part2): 380–384. doi:10.1007/BF02543522. S2CID 97800211.
- NCBI (2013). "Brassica napus subsp. rapifera". NCBI taxonomy database. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- OED (2016). "rape (n.2)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 July 2016.
- O'Brien, Richard D. (2008). Fats and Oils Formulating and Processing for Applications (3 ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 9781420061666. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- Parnell, John; Curtis, Tom; Webb, David A. (2012). Webb's an Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 9781859184783.
- Potts, Derek A.; Rakow, Gerhard W.; Males, Daryl R. (1999). "Canola Quality Brassica juncea, A New Oilseed Crop for the Canadian Prairies". Global Council for Innovation in Rapeseed and Canola. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- Rasheed, Awais; Hao, Yuanfeng; Xia, Xianchun; Khan, Awais; Xu, Yunbi; Varshney, Rajeev K.; He, Zhonghu (2017). "Crop Breeding Chips and Genotyping Platforms: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives". Molecular Plant. Chin Acad Sci+Chin Soc Plant Bio+Shanghai Inst Bio Sci (Elsevier). 10 (8): 1047–1064. doi:10.1016/j.molp.2017.06.008. ISSN 1674-2052. PMID 28669791. S2CID 33780984.
- Roché, Kenneth J. (27 November 2015). Canola: A Modern Crop for a Modern Era (PhD). Doctor of Plant Health Program (DPH), University of Nebraska-Lincoln. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 April 2020.
- Sahasrabudhe, M. R. (1977). "Crismer values and erucic acid contents of rapeseed oils". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 54 (8): 323–324. doi:10.1007/BF02672436. S2CID 84400266.
- Salimon, Jumat; Salih, Nadia; Yousif, Emad (2010). "Biolubricants: Raw materials, chemical modifications and environmental benefits". European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 112 (5): 519–530. doi:10.1002/ejlt.200900205. ISSN 1438-9312.
- Smith, Marilyn (29 January 2004). "Ecological reservation in Belarus fosters new approaches to soil remediation". IAEA. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 October 2012.
- Snowdon, Rod; Lühs, Wilfried; Friedt, Wolfgang (2006). Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants - Oilseeds. Springer. ISBN 9783540343875. สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 March 2019.
- Thiyam-Holländer, Usha; Eskin, Michael; Matthäus, Bertrand (2013). Canola and Rapeseed: Production, Processing, Food Quality, and Nutrition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 9781466513884. สืบค้นเมื่อ 25 November 2015.
- USDA (2002). Agricultural Statistics 2002. United States Department of Agriculture. ISBN 0160511135. สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 March 2019.
- USFDA (1 April 2010). "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". Food and Drug Administration. สืบค้นเมื่อ 19 April 2020.
- Walker, Shaun (18 November 2010). "Return to the fields of Chernobyl". The Independent. สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 October 2012.
- Webb, David A.; Parnell, John; Doogue, D. (1996). An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press. ISBN 9780852211311.
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์มีสื่อเกี่ยวกับ Brassica napus
- วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์มีสื่อเกี่ยวกับ Rapeseed oil