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Harvard citation templates

The templates for using Harvard citations are:

• {{Harvard citation}} or {{harv}} for a basic Harvard citation
• {{Harvard citation no brackets}} or {{harvnb}} for a Harvard citation with no brackets
• {{Harvard citation text}} or {{harvtxt}} for a Harvard citation with the name outside the brackets
• {{Harvard citations}} or {{harvs}} for multiple Harvard citations and other more complicated features.
• {{Citation}}, {{Cite book}}, {{Cite journal}} or {{Cite web}} (or any of several others) for formatting the reference.

This page describes the first 3; for the others see their documentation pages.

Usage

{{Harvard citation |Last name of author(s)|Year| loc = Location in the text}}

Instead of using the optional loc parameter, you may also use one of the following parameters:

• p = page
• pp = pages

Notes

• The abbreviation Harv may be used.
• The first parameter is the author's last name.
• Up to four authors can be given as parameters (see the examples). If there are more than 4 authors only the first 4 should be listed; listing more will cause odd things to happen.
• The next parameter is the year of publication.
• The year and author name(s) must not have extra space before and after, else the generated links will not work. (BUG)
• The "loc = " parameter is the location of the cited material within the reference. This parameter is optional.
• The parameter p is an optional page parameter; thus "{{Harv|Smith|2006| p=25}}" yields "(Smith 2006, p. 25)".
• The parameter pp is an optional page range parameter; thus "{{Harv|Smith|2006| pp=25–26}}" yields "(Smith 2006, pp. 25–26)".
• If Ref=none, then no hyperlink is created.
• To avoid the brackets surrounding the citation, use {{Harvard citation no brackets}} or {{Harvnb}}.
• To use the author name(s) in the text, use {{Harvard citation text}} or {{Harvtxt}}.
• For more complicated Harvard citations with multiple links use {{Harvard citations}} or its abbreviation {{harvs}}.
• For authors who have published more than one work in the same year, the standard way to differentiate such works is to put a lowercase letter after the year (e.g. year=2006a and year=2006b).

Editors editing this template are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.

Examples

Markup	Result
{{Harv |Smith|2006| loc=§8.5}}	(Smith 2006, §8.5)
{{Harv |Smith|2006| p=25}}	(Smith 2006, p. 25)
{{Harv |Smith|2006| pp=25–26}}	(Smith 2006, pp. 25–26)
{{Harv |Smith|2006| pp=25–26 | Ref=none}}	(Smith 2006, pp. 25–26)
{{Harv |Smith|Jones|2006| p=25}}	(Smith & Jones 2006, p. 25)
{{Harv |Smith|Jones|Brown|2006| p=25}}	(Smith, Jones & Brown 2006, p. 25)
{{Harv |Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2006| p=25}}	(Smith et al. 2006, p. 25)
{{Harvnb |Smith|2006| p=25}}	Smith 2006, p. 25
{{Harvtxt |Smith|2006| p=25}}	Smith (2006, p. 25)

Recommended style

The recommended Harvard referencing style potentially uses all four templates. Each automatically generates a hypertext link based on the name(s) and date. Here is an example

Markup

Some works on gravitation are so massive they warp spacetime themselves {{Harv|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973}}; yet {{Harvtxt|Einstein|1915}} presented essential equations with notable brevity. The essential ingredients are the curvature tensor and the stress-energy tensor ({{Harvnb|Einstein|1915|loc=p. 844}}; {{Harvnb|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973|loc=p. 41}}).

Result

Some works on gravitation are so massive they warp spacetime themselves (Misner, Thorne & Wheeler 1973); yet Einstein (1915) presented essential equations with notable brevity. The two ingredients are the curvature tensor and the stress-energy tensor (Einstein 1915, p. 844; Misner, Thorne & Wheeler 1973, p. 41).

In short:

1. For a single work with no author in the text (the most common case), use {{Harv}}.
2. For a single work with the author named in the text, use {{Harvtxt}}.
3. For multiple works at the same point, use explicit parentheses and {{Harvnb}} separated by semicolons.
4. For anything more complicated use {{Harvs}}.

#CITEREF

More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the {{harvs}} template. If even this is not enough, then as a last resort one can use #CITEREF as in the following example:

[[Property (T)]] was introduced by [[David Kazhdan]] ([[Property T#CITEREFKazhdan1967|1967]]).

which produces

Property (T) was introduced by David Kazhdan (1967)

with a link to the author, and a link to a citation on a different page. #CITEREF should be followed by the last names of up to 4 authors and the year (with no spaces), and if the link is to a different page it should be preceded by the name of the page (with spaces allowed). The citation template marks the reference using #CITEREF; see the source of template:citation/core for details.

Use with citation templates

The {{Citation}}, {{Cite book}}, {{Cite journal}}, {{Cite web}} family of templates can be used to format the citations in the References section. Links from the Harvard citation to the full citation are provided using a #CITEREF link. The {{Harvard citation}} template creates a link #CITEREF followed by the concatenation of the author names and the year. {{Citation}} creates an anchor <a name="CITEREF"></a> followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:

• last or last1 or surname or surname1 or author or author1 or authors,
• last2 or surname2 or author2,
• last3 or surname3 or author3,
• last4 or surname4 or author4,
• editor-last or editor-surname or editor1-last or editor1-surname or editor or editors,
• editor2-last or editor2-surname,
• editor3-last or editor3-surname,
• editor4-last or editor4-surname,
• year or date.

For example {{Harv|Smith|2006| p=25}} produces a link #CITEREFSmith2006 and {{Citation|last=Smith|first=John|year=2006|title=My Life}} produces an anchor CITEREFSmith2006.

References

• Smith, John (2006), My Life
• Smith, John; Jones, Jack (2006), Our life together
• Smith; Jones; Brown (2006), Three's a crowd
• Smith; Jones; Brown; Black (2006), All together now
• Misner, Charles W.; Thorne, Kip S.; Wheeler, John Archibald (September 1973), Gravitation, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-0344-0
• Einstein, Albert (1915), "Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation (The Field Equations of Gravitation)", Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften: 844–847