ผู้ใช้:Piyawat kx/ทดลองเขียน

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

Scientific name : Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes)

Commom name : common water hyacinth

Family name : Pontederiaceae

Kingdom : Plantae

Species : P. crassipes

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, commonly known as water hyacinth, is one of the world’s most invasive aquatic plants of the Pontederiaceae family occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although, E. crassipes causes significant ecological and socioeconomic issues such as a high loss in water resources, it has multipurpose applications since it is famous for many industrial applications such as bioenergy, biofertilizer production, wastewater treatment (absorption of heavy metals), and animal feed. Furthermore, E. crassipes is rich in diverse bioactive secondary metabolites including sterols, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. These secondary metabolites are well known for a wide array of therapeutic properties. The findings of this review suggest that extracts and some isolated compounds from E. crassipes possess some pharmacological activities including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, skin whitening, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, among other biological activities such as allelopathic, larvicidal, and insecticidal activities. The present review comprehensively summarizes the chemical composition of E. crassipes, reported to date, along with its traditional uses and pharmacological and biological activities.

In Thailand:

-  Chao Phraya River Basin : Water hyacinth is a significant problem in the Chao Phraya River Basin, including its tributaries and connected water bodies. The plant's rapid growth and ability to form dense mats have led to concerns about water quality, biodiversity loss, and impacts on irrigation and transportation.

-  Chiang Mai : Water hyacinth has also been reported in water bodies around Chiang Mai in northern Thailand, where it poses similar challenges to those faced in other regions of the country.

In Southeast Asia:

- Vietnam : Water hyacinth is widespread in Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta region. It poses significant challenges to agriculture, aquaculture, and navigation in the delta's intricate network of waterways.

-  Philippines : Water hyacinth is a major concern in the Philippines, particularly in freshwater bodies like Laguna de Bay. Its rapid growth and ability to form dense mats have led to ecological imbalances and hindered water transport.

-  Indonesia : The presence of water hyacinth is notable in Indonesia, where it infests rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Efforts to control its spread are ongoing, including manual removal and the use of herbicides.

In other countries:

-  Africa : Water hyacinth is a significant problem in many African countries, particularly around the Nile River and Lake Victoria. Its rapid spread has caused severe ecological and economic damage, impacting fishing, agriculture, and transportation.

-  Australia : Water hyacinth is classified as a noxious weed in Australia, primarily affecting water bodies in Queensland and New South Wales. Efforts to control its spread include manual removal, herbicide application, and biological control methods.

- Americas : Despite being native to South America, water hyacinth can still be invasive in certain regions, particularly where it has been introduced outside of its natural range. It has been problematic in various states within the United States, such as Florida and Louisiana.

Overall, the invasiveness of Eichhornia crassipes persists in various countries across the globe, including those in Southeast Asia like Thailand. Efforts to manage and control its spread continue.

Source of plant and leaves and flower : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eichhornia_crassipes_C.jpg/220px-Eichhornia_crassipes_C.jpg

Source of stem :https://www.frontiersin.org/api/v3/articles/_ipx/w_290,f_webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/842511/fphar-13-842511-HTML/image_m/fphar-13-842511-g002.jpg

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms:https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/6a940ff49666a1fdccd3e25d8870ec3a9e4b753e/250px/4-Figure1-1.png