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Mimosa pigra L. is an erect or scandent shrub, 2-4 m high, all parts armed with prickles. Leaves bipinnate; pinnae 10-15 pairs; leaflets 35-51 pairs per pinna, linear-oblong; rachis with straight thorns. Inflorescence pedunculate heads, in the axils of the upper leaves, ca 1.5 cm across, many-flowered. Flowers pink to purplish-red; calyx scarious, small; corolla funnel-form; stamens 8; ovary densely velutinous. Pod clustered, oblong, beaked, densely scabrous, 4-6 cm long, 0.6-1 cm wide. Seeds are ovoid, brown, and small. Mimosa pigra favours wet, tropical climates. The most commonly found in moist situations such as floodplains and river banks in soils ranging from black cracking clays throughout sandy clays to coarse siliceous river sand.

Scientific name: Mimosa pigra L.

Common name: The giant sensitive tree

Family name: Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Mimosoidea)

Origin & Distribution: M. pigra L. is a woody shrub native to tropical America but which has now become widespread throughout the tropics include tropical Asia, south-eastern USA, northern Australia, tropical Africa as well as many oceanic islands with warm climates.

Current status of the invasiveness: In Thailand, M. pigra interferes with irrigation systems by causing the accumulation of sediment, affects access to electric power lines, and is a safety hazard along roads. It also spreads readily into fallow rice paddies increasing reclamation efforts and costs. In Malaysia, it encroaches into immature oil palm plantations and fruit orchards and it is feared that the shrub will spread to the rice bowl states of Kedah/Perlis with serious repercussions. In Vietnam, local farmers report negative impacts on agricultural activities, their fishery catch and cultivation, and their crop productivity. The invasion of mimosa in rice paddies has increased cultivation expenses for soil preparation, and the labor required to remove mimosa before cultivation. In northern Australia, M. pigra poses a threat to the cattle industry as it is spreading into buffalo pasture. The spread of M. pigra into pasture land reduces herbaceous vegetation and greatly reduces the grazing capacity of the land.

References

Mimosa pigra (Giant Sensitive Plant), BioNET-EAFRINET Keys and Fact Sheets. Available from:https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Mimosa_pigra_(Giant_Sensitive_Plant).htm
Mimosa pigra (Giant Sensitive Plant), CABI Digital Library. Available from: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.34199
Mimosa pigra L., BGO Plant Databases, The Botanical Garden Organization. Available from: http://www.qsbg.org/database/botanic_book%20full%20option/search_detail.asp?Botanic_ID=1502